En este artículo. Se aplica a: SQL Server Azure SQL Managed Instance En este artículo se muestra cómo crear un servidor vinculado y acceder a datos desde otro SQL Server, Azure SQL Managed Instance u otro origen de datos mediante SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) o Transact-SQL. Los servidores vinculados permiten que el …Jul 31, 2023 · Creación de un servidor vinculado con Transact-SQL. Para crear un servidor vinculado mediante Transact-SQL, siga las instrucciones sp_addlinkedserver (Transact-SQL), CREATE LOGIN (Transact-SQL), y sp_addlinkedsrvlogin (Transact-SQL). En este ejemplo se crea un servidor vinculado a otra instancia de SQL Server con Transact-SQL: A linked server is used to connect to another (remote) database or file (Xls, CVX) using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) and discover the data or objects. You can write SQL queries from your SSMS directly on a database on another machine. In Oracle they call it DBLinks (Database Links). For example, it is possible to create a view in a database …The following articles provide details for various tools and procedures to troubleshoot different connectivity errors: Configure firewalls to work with SQL Server. Describes how to configure Windows firewall for successful connections to instances. Test connections to SQL Server by using Universal Data Link (UDL) files.When the server is running again, the linked servers (to DB2) don't work properly and the SQL Server shows this error: Msg 7302, Level 16, State 1, Line 10 Cannot create an instance of OLE DB provider "DB2OLEDB" for linked server "Airspe". Only after restarting the server several times does the linked server start working.This makes for very slow inserts across a linked server. Running the operation from the destination server means SQL Server can simply query the remote source table for all the rows, inserting them as a set into the destination table. The difference in speed can be eye-watering. Slow inserts across a linked …\n. Specify the Server type and related information if needed: \n \n \n. SQL Server \nIdentify the linked server as an instance of [!INCLUDEmsCoName] [!INCLUDEssNoVersion] or an Azure SQL Managed Instance.If you use this method of defining a linked server, the name specified in Linked server must be the network name of the server. Also, any tables …Yes. But again, I suggest you use the catalog view, sys.servers. The output should make it obvious which columns you can use to filter out entries there that aren't really linked servers. – Aaron Bertrand. May 5, 2022 at 18:33. No, I meant select * from sys.servers. – Mark. May 5, 2022 at 18:38. 4.Linked servers allow Microsoft SQL Server to run SQL Server statements on other instances of database servers. In this post, we focus on connectivity to other instances of SQL Server in Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS), hosted in Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), or available from your data centers via a …To get a list of installed OLEDB providers, use the SQL Server Management Studio and navigate to the "Server Objects" node and expand the "Linked Server" node. You could also use the catalog view sys.servers to find the list of all defined linked servers and their associated OLEDB providers. ResolutionIn order to ensure data reliability and minimize the risk of data loss, it is essential for database administrators to regularly perform full backups of their SQL Server databases....A linked server can be set up to query Snowflake from SQL Server. Given below are the high-level steps to do the set-up: Install the Snowflake ODBC driver. Configure the system DSN for Snowflake. Configure the linked server provider. Configure the linked server. Test the created linked server.I can create a Linked Server to both servers from my local client. I don't have any OS permission. The linked server has been created but failed a connection test. Do you want to keep the linked server? Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON'. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 18456)Dec 24, 2019 · Goal: Create a Linked Server between a Source server that will allow a job step from the source server to check certain conditions and if TRUE, invoke sp_start_job on Destination server. ...and nothing more. On advice, I've created two SQL Auth Logins of the same name/pw on both Source and Destination, both with limited 'public' permissions. Learn how to create a linked server in SQL Server using Transact-SQL, with syntax, examples and tips. A linked server allows you to access data from another …Apr 7, 2022 · Learn how to set up a Linked Server to connect to another SQL Server or ODBC database using SSMS GUI and T-SQL. See the security, options, and query examples for using Linked Servers. When it comes to choosing a database for your business, you have a plethora of options to consider. One of the most popular choices today is MongoDB, a NoSQL database that offers f...May 14, 2019 · Using a Linked Server to Copy a SQL Server Table to Another Server . This approach assumes there is communication between server-A and server-B. Using SQL Server Management Studio for server-A, go to "Server Objects", then "Linked Servers", right-click, and select "New Linked Server…". Nov 15, 2023 · The following steps describe how to set up the linked server connection. Install the latest ODBC driver. Create an ODBC driver to connect to Azure Data Explorer. Prepare the connection string for the ODBC driver. See the following example. Replace <cluster_uri> and <database> with the relevant values. txt. Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Managed Instance. Executes the specified pass-through query on the specified linked server. This server is an OLE DB data source. OPENQUERY can be referenced in the FROM clause of a query as if it were a table name. OPENQUERY can also be referenced as the target table of an INSERT, …I can create a Linked Server to both servers from my local client. I don't have any OS permission. The linked server has been created but failed a connection test. Do you want to keep the linked server? Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON'. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 18456)Aug 1, 2019 · 6. USE master; GO. EXEC sp_ addlinkedserver. N'TestServer', N'SQL Server'; GO. Esto creará un servidor vinculado con el nombre TestServer en la carpeta Linked Servers : Para este fin una manera de obtener las bases de datos del servidor SQL remoto, es importante que deba ingresar el nombre exacto del servidor SQL. Nov 22, 2022 ... Thank You for Watching! *** Advance your career or learn some new skills with one of these courses *** SQL Server 2022 Essential Training: ...To execute the script, save it to a file with a .ps1 extension. For example, you could save it to c:\run.ps1. Open up a command prompt, navigate to the folder where the .ps1 files exists and run the following command: C:> sqlps c:\run.ps1. The output will be written to a file that you can use to further investigate your linked server connections.Key Features: SQL Projects (Open, Build, Publish): Dive into your SQL projects seamlessly with the ability to open an existing project, and build and publish …Linked servers allow Microsoft SQL Server to run SQL Server statements on other instances of database servers. They are a good solution when you need to implement database sharding without needing to create custom application code or directly load from remote data sources. In this post, we focus on creating linked server access …Under the "Security" node, there is a "Linked Servers" node, which you can use to add and configure Linked Servers. You can specify security settings, impersonation, etc. See these for SQL Server 2000: Configuring Linked Servers. Establishing Security For Linked Servers. Configuring OLEDB Providers for Distributed Queries. See these for …Hello and thanks for stopping by. I'm an accidental DBA looking for some guidance in creating Linked Servers the correct way. MS provides complete descriptions of the datatype and descriptions of all of the various parameters for sp_addlinkedserver, sp_addlinkedsrvlogin and sp_serveroption but no guidance on HOW to align the various …In SQL Server environments the linked server functionality is commonly used to connect to another (remote) database or file (Xls, CVX) using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) and access and use the remote data and objects. In this way you can write SQL queries or stored procedures from SSMS directly on a remote …If this is not possible for whatever reason, then you’ll have no choice but to go with a workaround: Using SQL Authentication, and/or Linked Server login mapping. 2. Both SQL Servers must be able to register SPNs. The SPN (Service Principal Name), after it’s registered, maps to the Windows account that started the SQL Server instance service.This makes for very slow inserts across a linked server. Running the operation from the destination server means SQL Server can simply query the remote source table for all the rows, inserting them as a set into the destination table. The difference in speed can be eye-watering. Slow inserts across a linked server can be eye …Open SQL Server Management Studio and connect to an instance of SQL Server. In the Object Explorer, expand the node for the SQL Server database. In the Server Objects node, right-click Linked ...Nov 2, 2023 · A linked server provides access to distributed, heterogeneous queries against OLE DB data sources. After a linked server is created by using sp_addlinkedserver, distributed queries can be run against this server. If the linked server is defined as an instance of SQL Server, remote stored procedures can be executed. Feb 28, 2023 · Returns a row per linked-server-login mapping, for use by RPC and distributed queries from local server to the corresponding linked server. ID of the server in sys.servers. Server-principal to whom mapping applies. 0 = wildcard or public. If 1, mapping indicates session should use its own credentials; otherwise, 0 indicates that session uses ... About linked servers. Linked servers give SQL Server the ability to read data from remote data sources and execute commands on remote databases. This page provides information about Cloud SQL instance permissions, things to consider when implementing linked servers, and the limitations of using linked servers.Connect to your SQL Server instance with the user who has permissions to create linked servers. Navigate in the Object Explorer to Server Objects, right-click on Linked Servers and select New ...Dec 24, 2019 ... 1 Answer 1 ... Impersonating the caller is more complicated with remote connections to the SQL Server where the Linked Server is defined, as you ...Create Linked Server. First thing we'll do is create our linked server, Active Directory Service Interface also known as ASDI, to Active Directory using the code below: USE [master] GO. EXEC master.dbo.sp_addlinkedserver @server = N'ADSI', @srvproduct=N'Active Directory Service Interfaces', @provider=N'ADSDSOObject', …6. USE master; GO. EXEC sp_ addlinkedserver. N'TestServer', N'SQL Server'; GO. Esto creará un servidor vinculado con el nombre TestServer en la carpeta Linked Servers : Para este fin una manera de obtener las bases de datos del servidor SQL remoto, es importante que deba ingresar el nombre exacto del servidor SQL.Aug 4, 2015 ... - The OLE DB provider "PIOLEDBENT" for linked server "MESAF" reported an error. The provider reported an unexpected catastrophic failure. [ ...I am currently stuck on this part, I want to restore a database from a backup file to a different SQL Server/instance. The other server has been created as a linked server, so there is a link between the two servers. Does anyone have any suggestions? Here is my code that I used to restore to the local server:I can create a Linked Server to both servers from my local client. I don't have any OS permission. The linked server has been created but failed a connection test. Do you want to keep the linked server? Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON'. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 18456)ユーザーが SQL Server ログインを使用して元の SQL Server に接続する場合は、 [このセキュリティ コンテキストを使用する]をクリックして、リンク サーバーでの認証に必要な資格情報を指定することが最適です。 次のいずれかのオプションを選択してください。I need to test if a table exists in a linked server, where linked server is a parameter (it has to be), that's why I'm using exec method. I tried many ways but I didn't succeed. Declare @LinkedServerName varchar(50) Declare @DS varchar(50) Declare @username varchar(50) Declare @pswd varchar(12) …The problem is, if one of the linked servers is not running, the query fails... Stack Overflow. About; Products For Teams; ... How can I continue running the query if the connection to one of the linked servers fails? I am using SQL 2012. sql-server; sql-server-2012; Share. Improve this question. Follow edited Mar 20, …Select the MySQL ODBC driver. Give the data source name of your choice. Input the TCP/IP Server address, port, user and password for the MySQL server and click OK. Now open SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) and login to SQL Server. In the Object Explorer for the SQL Server instance, go to Server Objects and right click and select …Nov 3, 2010 · The following solution worked: In SSMS, go to Server Objects > Linked Servers > Providers > MSDASQL. Ensure that "Dynamic parameter", "Level zero only", and "Allow inprocess" are all checked. You can then query any schema and table using the following syntax: SELECT TOP 10 *. Before doing that you will have to create a linked server. You can either create the server programatically: In SSMS, Expand Server Objects -> Linked Servers -> (Right click on the Linked Server Folder and select “New Linked Server”) The “New Linked Server” Dialog appears. Type in a friendly name that describes your local server ...Azure SQL managed instance enables you to run T-SQL queries on serverless Synapse SQL query endpoint using linked servers. Since the serverless Synapse SQL query endpoint is a T-SQL compliant endpoint, you can create a linked server that references it and run the remote queries. In this article, you will see how to …Oct 29, 2017 ... This video demonstrates how to configure a Linked server on an "On premises" SQL Server to contect to an Azure SQL database.This makes for very slow inserts across a linked server. Running the operation from the destination server means SQL Server can simply query the remote source table for all the rows, inserting them as a set into the destination table. The difference in speed can be eye-watering. Slow inserts across a linked …Apr 24, 2019 · It is not tested in SQL Server 2019. Basically we have two weird options in this situation. First is to remember to configure remote query timeout. EXECUTE sp_configure 'remote query timeout', <your_value_seconds>; for every new DB instance. Other is to remember to use the RAISERROR hack. Open Server Objects, right-click Linked Servers and select New Linked Server . Select SQL Server as the server type and enter the ‘remote’ server name . Into the Security tab next, enter the remote login details (as created above). We can hit OK, or script it out before running. This is a condensed version.The test connection to the linked server failed. Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.Jul 5, 2018 · First, open SQL Server Management Studio and connect to the instance of your choice. Then, go down to “Server Objects” and right-click on “Linked Server” node. A contextual menu should appear. Click on “New Linked Server…”. Select “SQL Server” as Server Type and provide a network name for the target SQL Server instance. This makes for very slow inserts across a linked server. Running the operation from the destination server means SQL Server can simply query the remote source table for all the rows, inserting them as a set into the destination table. The difference in speed can be eye-watering. Slow inserts across a linked …Need a SQL development company in Singapore? Read reviews & compare projects by leading SQL developers. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Development Lan...Connect to your SQL Server instance with the user who has permissions to create linked servers. Navigate in the Object Explorer to Server Objects, right-click on Linked Servers and select New ...Here's an example of creating a Linked Server to Oracle using the Oracle OLE DB Provider: Copy. EXEC sp_addlinkedserver. @server = 'LinkedServerName', @srvproduct = 'Oracle', @provider = 'OraOLEDB.Oracle', @datasrc = 'OracleServerName'; Similarly, to create a Linked Server to Sybase, you can use the Sybase OLE DB …As stated in Create linked servers (SQL Server Database Engine): "There are two strategies to configure here that can be used alone or combined. The first is to map logins from the local server to the remote server, and the second is how the linked server should treat logins that aren't mapped.". Follow "Add login …Are you looking to enhance your SQL skills but find it challenging to practice in a traditional classroom setting? Look no further. With online SQL practice, you can learn at your ...Jan 14, 2016 · To begin, enter the name of the server you want to link. In this example I am creating the linked server on LAB-SQL2012 to connect to LAB-SQL-04. By default the Server type will be set to Other data source. Since we are creating a link to an exiting SQL Server instance, select the radio button next to SQL Server as shown below. A detailed SQL cheat sheet with essential references for keywords, data types, operators, functions, indexes, keys, and lots more. For beginners and beyond. Luke Harrison Web Devel...Create a SQL Server Linked Server to MySQL. In SQL Server Management Studio, open Object Explorer, expand Server Objects, right-click Linked Servers, and then click New Linked Server. On the General page do the following: Linked server - type the name of the MySQL server you want to link to. Server type - select Other data source.Feb 14, 2023 · Create and configure the linked server. To set up the linked server, complete the following steps: Open SSMS and connect to the local server using Windows authentication. In the navigation pane, expand Server Options and add a new linked server. For the data source name, use the DSN you created earlier. Jan 15, 2019 · A linked server operation attempts to determine what predicates can be pushed to the remote server, what indexes are present and other such properties. For the example query if the strID predicate can be pushed to the remote server it saves the SQL Server from having to pull the entire table to the local server, sort and process it. to add a linked server, or “sp_helpserver” to list linked servers. To create linked “SERVER2” in my above example in SSMS, I. would first expand the “Server Objects” folder, and then right click on the. “Linked Servers” item. This would display the following window: Click for larger image.The linked_server_name must refer to an existing linked server definition in the local server. Example. So now let's see how we can use it. In the below given table, Script 1 creates a linked server definition for FARAWAYSERVER server. Script 2 executes a simple SELECT statement on the linked server which returns a …Dec 14, 2021 · Here is the sequence of steps that you need to follow to configure Linked Server using SSMS tool. Step-1: Connect to SQL Server Instance in SSMS tool and go to Object Explorer. Expand the Server Objects, right click on Linked Server and create a New Linked Server. Step-2: Go to General tab in the new Linked Server window. According to Microsoft, linked servers enable the SQL Server Database Engine and Azure SQL Database Managed Instance to read data from the remote data sources and execute commands against the remote database servers (for example, OLE DB data sources) outside of the instance of SQL Server. …Create a SQL Server linked service using UI. Use the following steps to create a SQL Server linked service in the Azure portal UI. Browse to the Manage tab in your Azure Data Factory or Synapse workspace and …Right-click Linked Servers, and then click New linked server. In the first text box, type any name for the linked server. In the Server type box, click Other data source. In the Provider name list, click Microsoft Jet 4.0 OLE DB Provider. In the Data source box, type the full path and file name of the Excel file. Here is the code to create the linked server. use master. GO. EXEC master.dbo.sp_addlinkedserver @server = N'TESTLINKEDSERVER', @srvproduct=N'SQL Server'. GO. Now we can see TESTLINKEDSERVER under linked server list. We will use sp_setnetname to point to the correct data source. So for this first example we will point to QASERV2. Sep 16, 2021 ... I received a request to compare data between a SingleStore database and a SQL Server database. The QA analyst would like to use SQL Server ...Create a SQL Server Linked Server to MySQL. In SQL Server Management Studio, open Object Explorer, expand Server Objects, right-click Linked Servers, and then click New Linked Server. On the General page do the following: Linked server - type the name of the MySQL server you want to link to. Server type - select Other data source.Right-click Linked Servers, and then click New linked server. In the first text box, type any name for the linked server. In the Server type box, click Other data source. In the Provider name list, click Microsoft Jet 4.0 OLE DB Provider. In the Data source box, type the full path and file name of the Excel file.ユーザーが SQL Server ログインを使用して元の SQL Server に接続する場合は、 [このセキュリティ コンテキストを使用する]をクリックして、リンク サーバーでの認証に必要な資格情報を指定することが最適です。 次のいずれかのオプションを選択してください。Dec 24, 2019 ... 1 Answer 1 ... Impersonating the caller is more complicated with remote connections to the SQL Server where the Linked Server is defined, as you ...SQL Server Linked Server Capabilities. Using the SQL language, interesting features become available with CData Cloud Connect via a Linked Server: Use the 4-part name to access the data from a source; Create federated queries that join data across data sources (and thus over different clouds)In this video, I demonstrate how to configure linked servers in MS SQL ServersKiawiTechIT Academy offers instructor-led training in Database administration a...- "Level zero only" option. SQL Server queries which interfaces are supported by the SQL Anywhere provider. - "Disallow ad hoc access" option.ユーザーが SQL Server ログインを使用して元の SQL Server に接続する場合は、 [このセキュリティ コンテキストを使用する]をクリックして、リンク サーバーでの認証に必要な資格情報を指定することが最適です。 次のいずれかのオプションを選択してください。Key Features: SQL Projects (Open, Build, Publish): Dive into your SQL projects seamlessly with the ability to open an existing project, and build and publish …If this is not possible for whatever reason, then you’ll have no choice but to go with a workaround: Using SQL Authentication, and/or Linked Server login mapping. 2. Both SQL Servers must be able to register SPNs. The SPN (Service Principal Name), after it’s registered, maps to the Windows account that started the SQL Server instance service.1 Answer. Sorted by: 2. Yes, you can. You can run this in your stored procedure on SqlServer-2 against linked Server LinkedServer1: EXEC LinkedServer1.msdb.dbo.sp_start_job @job_name = N'RunExeFile'; You need to configure RPC and ensure the calling security context is set: Share.3. The accepted answer works for me. Also, in MSSQLMS, you can browse the tree in the Object Explorer to the table you want to query. [Server] -> Server Objects -> Linked Servers -> [Linked server] -> Catalogs -> [Database] -> [table] then Right click, Script Table as, SELECT To, New Query Window.Nov 2, 2023 · A linked server provides access to distributed, heterogeneous queries against OLE DB data sources. After a linked server is created by using sp_addlinkedserver, distributed queries can be run against this server. If the linked server is defined as an instance of SQL Server, remote stored procedures can be executed. AT linked_server_name Applies to: SQL Server 2008 (10.0.x) and later. Specifies that command_string is executed against linked_server_name and results, if any, are returned to the client. linked_server_name must refer to an existing linked server definition in the local server. Linked servers are defined by using sp_addlinkedserver. …The solution I found: 1) Run a stored proc. exec sp_addlinkedserver @server='10.0.0.51'. 2) Verify that the servers were linked (lists linked servers) exec …Welcome to Microsoft Q&A. You can try to use this Microsoft Dataverse ODBC Driver to set up a linked server for Dataverse data. Please refer to Connect to Microsoft Dataverse Data as a Linked Server for more details. In addition, a SQL data connection is available on the Microsoft Dataverse endpoint. …SQL stock is a fast mover, and SeqLL is an intriguing life sciences technology company that recently secured a government contract. SQL stock isn't right for every investor, but th...This makes for very slow inserts across a linked server. Running the operation from the destination server means SQL Server can simply query the remote source table for all the rows, inserting them as a set into the destination table. The difference in speed can be eye-watering. Slow inserts across a linked server can be eye …
Under the "Security" node, there is a "Linked Servers" node, which you can use to add and configure Linked Servers. You can specify security settings, impersonation, etc. See these for SQL Server 2000: Configuring Linked Servers. Establishing Security For Linked Servers. Configuring OLEDB Providers for Distributed Queries. See these for …. 9 2009 animated film full movie
Here's an example of creating a Linked Server to Oracle using the Oracle OLE DB Provider: Copy. EXEC sp_addlinkedserver. @server = 'LinkedServerName', @srvproduct = 'Oracle', @provider = 'OraOLEDB.Oracle', @datasrc = 'OracleServerName'; Similarly, to create a Linked Server to Sybase, you can use the Sybase OLE DB …To set the option in SQL Server Management Studio, on the Server Properties Connections page, use Allow remote connections to this server. To reach the Server Properties Connections page, in Object Explorer, right-click the server name, and then click Properties. On the Server Properties page, click the Connections page.I am currently stuck on this part, I want to restore a database from a backup file to a different SQL Server/instance. The other server has been created as a linked server, so there is a link between the two servers. Does anyone have any suggestions? Here is my code that I used to restore to the local server:Linked Server. Instead of using MariaDB CONNECT, it is possible to use SQL Server Linked Server functionality. This will allow one to read data from a remote MariaDB database and copy it into local SQL Server tables. However, note that CONNECT allows more control on types and character sets mapping.When the server is running again, the linked servers (to DB2) don't work properly and the SQL Server shows this error: Msg 7302, Level 16, State 1, Line 10 Cannot create an instance of OLE DB provider "DB2OLEDB" for linked server "Airspe". Only after restarting the server several times does the linked server start working.Test the linked server connection and query the linked server to validate the data. Complete the following steps to test the connection: In the SSMS object explorer, expand Server Objects and Linked Servers. Choose (right-click) the linked server, then choose Test Connection to verify. When the connection is successful, choose OK.Follow these steps to create a Linked Server: Server Objects -> Linked Servers -> New Linked Server. Provide Remote Server Name. Select Remote Server Type (SQL Server or Other). Select Security -> Be made using this security context and provide login and password of remote server.SQL Server Linked Server Capabilities. Using the SQL language, interesting features become available with CData Cloud Connect via a Linked Server: Use the 4-part name to access the data from a source; Create federated queries that join data across data sources (and thus over different clouds)The linked server from Server A to B (2016 to 2012) works fine. The linked server from Server B to A (2012 to 2016) shows the server and lists the databases, but any attempt to query the tables over that linked server generates the error: TCP Provider: The specified network name is no longer available. …I am currently stuck on this part, I want to restore a database from a backup file to a different SQL Server/instance. The other server has been created as a linked server, so there is a link between the two servers. Does anyone have any suggestions? Here is my code that I used to restore to the local server:Linked servers allow to access data from another SQL Server or another data source (e.g. Excel) by using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) or Transact-SQL. This article will explain how to create and configure a linked server to retrieve data from an Azure SQL database.Also, we will explain how to solve some common problems/issues during the …Neste artigo. Aplica-se a: SQL Server Instância Gerenciada de SQL do Azure Este artigo mostra como criar um servidor vinculado e acessar dados de outro SQL Server, uma Instância Gerenciada de SQL do Azure ou outra fonte de dados usando o SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) ou o Transact-SQL. Servidores vinculados permitem que o …Oct 17, 2015 ... Create SQL SERVER Linked SERVER to HADOOP · Configure the ODBC driver using the “sqlserver” username and password you created earlier. · Log ....